This work was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant capacity of Rhodotorula toruloides lipid extract in TLC plate, using the (DPPH) (1,1-diphenyl-2-picril-hydrazine) method as an innovative way to visualise lipid groups that comprise this activity. Similarly, carotenoids and crude oil were analysed for antioxidant capacity by the DPPH and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. The lipidomic profile extract analysis was performed by GC/MS and HPLC/DAD. The sample preparation for the GC/MS analysis was made by ultrasound-assisted transesterification. Free compounds were silylated with BSTFA (N,O-Bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoracetamide) + 1% TMCS (Trimethylchlorosilane). The analysis of the lipid extract showed that in the saponifiable fraction saturated fatty acids (SFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) were present; and in the unsaponifiable fraction were steroids and carotenoids. The antioxidant capacity was expressed as IC50 reaching 6.4 mg/L that means relative efficiency. The oil profile, using TLC, shows the chemical groups: carotenoids, acylglycerols, free fatty acids and steroids. Similarly, the GC/ MS analysis shows the fatty acids and steroids. The HPLC analysis describes the carotenoids profile, highlighting b-carotene as the majority and the presence of ß-carotene-5,8-epoxide, zeaxanthin and b-cryptoxanthin, characterising the lipidomic study of this yeast.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar genes que possam ser utilizados como marcadores moleculares para reconhecimento de fases fenológicas, durante o desenvolvimento de frutos do cafeeiro (Coffea arabica). Quatro cultivares foram avaliadas quanto à expressão diferencial de genes associados a processos de desenvolvimento e maturação de frutos. A caracterização da expressão gênica foi realizada pelas técnicas de RT-PCR semi-quantitativa e quantitativa, em frutos coletados em sete estádios de desenvolvimento, durante três safras. Não foi observado nenhum polimorfismo de tamanho ou expressão diferencial entre as cultivares, para os genes avaliados; porém, perfis de expressão distintos durante o desenvolvimento dos frutos foram determinados para cada gene. Quatro entre os 28 genes avaliados apresentaram perfil de expressão constante, em todas as cultivares e safras e, portanto, foram validados como genes candidatos a marcadores fenológicos de frutos de cafeeiro. O gene α-galactosidase pode ser usado como marcador do estágio de fruto verde, o gene de cafeína sintase como marcador do estádio de transição entre fruto verde e fruto verde-cana, e o isocitrato liase e o etileno-receptor 3 como marcadores das fases finais de maturação.

The objective of this work was to identify genes that could be used as suitable markers for molecular recognition of phenological stages during coffee (Coffea arabica) fruit development. Four cultivars were evaluated as to their differential expression of genes associated to fruit development and maturation processes. Gene expression was characterized by both semi-quantitative and quantitative RT-PCR, in fruit harvested at seven different developmental stages, during three different seasons. No size polymorphisms or differential expression were observed among the cultivars for the evaluated genes; however, distinct expression profiles along fruit development were determined for each gene. Four out of the 28 evaluated genes exhibited a regular expression profile in all cultivars and harvest seasons, and, therefore, they were validated as candidate phenological markers of coffee fruit. The gene α-galactosidase can be used as a marker of green stage, caffeine synthase as a marker of transition to green and yellowish-green stages, and isocitrate lyase and ethylene receptor 3 as markers of late maturation.